Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Spinal cord injury is a major cause of disability with most treatment modalities still in open question. Some alternative medicine treatments are moving into preclinical trials worldwide. Brahmi is used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries. Traditionally used as a brain tonic to enhance memory, learning and concentration, and in some previous work shows neural regeneration in hippocampal cells. This study was done to look at the role of one of these neuroprotective plant products in spinal cord injury based on the hypothesis that if neural stem cells differentiate with more dendrites in vitro, it may do the same in vivo with clinical benefit.
METHODS
Controlled spinal cord injury in form of hemisection was done in rodents that were housed in the animal house of Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, followed by administration dose of bacopa. The comparative study was done by looking at the improvement in hind limb movement by known study methods which were modified for our study.
RESULTS
The result of rodents shows a more rapid recovery through catwalk and IBB scoring treated with crude bacopa than control one. The histological evaluation was also looked after sacrificing the rodent at the end of the study which corroborates the functional findings of improvement in neural regeneration in the spinal cord.
CONCLUSIONS
Bacopa crude extracts seem to be beneficial in spinal cord injury. Evaluation of different bacopasides to find which component of the crude product is beneficial.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Sarda RK, Sinha R, Sherpa M, et al. Crude extracts of bacopa monnieri induces dendrite formation in rodent neural stem cell cultures-a possible use in neuronal injury. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2022 Mar 8.
- Jyoti A, Sharma D. Neuroprotective role of Bacopa monniera extract against aluminium-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus of rat brain. Neurotoxicology 2006;27(4):451-7.
- Pajer K, Bellák T, Nógrádi A. Stem cell secretome for spinal cord repair: is it more than just a random baseline set of factors? Cells 2021;10(11):3214.
- Festing MF. Guidelines for the design and statistical analysis of experiments in papers submitted to ATLA. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 2001;29(4):427-46.
- Allen AR. Surgery of experimental lesion of spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column: a preliminary report. J Am Med Assoc 1911;57(11):878-80.
- Cheriyan T, Ryan DJ, Weinreb JH, et al. Spinal cord injury models: a review. Spinal Cord 2014;52(8):588-95.
- Alilain WJ, Horn KP, Hu H, et al. Functional regeneration of respiratory pathways after spinal cord injury. Nature 2011;475(7355):196-200.
- De Medinaceli L, Freed WJ, Wyatt RJ. An index of the functional condition of rat sciatic nerve based on measurements made from walking tracks. Experimental Neurology 1982;77(3):634-43.
- Nelson CA. A neurobiological perspective on early human deprivation. Child Development Perspectives 2007;1(1):13-8.
- Byrnes KR, Fricke ST, Faden AI. Neuropathological differences between rats and mice after spinal cord injury. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2010;32(4):836-46.
- Nannepaga JS, Korivi M, Tirumanyam M, et al. Neuroprotective effects of bacopa monniera whole-plant extract against aluminum-induced hippocampus damage in rats: evidence from electron microscopic images. Chin J Physiol 2014;57(5):279-85.
- Sampathkumar P, Dheeba B, Vidhyasagar V, et al. Potential antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Bacopa monnieri (Linn.). Int J Pharmacol 2008;4(3):230-2.
- Vollala VR, Upadhya S, Nayak S. Enhancement of basolateral amygdaloid neuronal dendritic arborization following Bacopa monniera extract treatment in adult rats. Clinics 2011;66(4):663-71.
- Deumens R, Jaken RJ, Marcus MA, et al. The CatWalk gait analysis in assessment of both dynamic and static gait changes after adult rat sciatic nerve resection. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2007;164(1):120-30.
- Bain JR, Mackinnon SE, Hunter DA. Functional evaluation of complete sciatic, peroneal, and posterior tibial nerve lesions in the rat. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1989;83(1):129-38.
- Hamers FP, Lankhorst AJ, van Laar TJ, et al. Automated quantitative gait analysis during overground locomotion in the rat: its application to spinal cord contusion and transection injuries. J Neurotrauma 2001;18(2):187-201.
References
Sarda RK, Sinha R, Sherpa M, et al. Crude extracts of bacopa monnieri induces dendrite formation in rodent neural stem cell cultures-a possible use in neuronal injury. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2022 Mar 8.
Jyoti A, Sharma D. Neuroprotective role of Bacopa monniera extract against aluminium-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus of rat brain. Neurotoxicology 2006;27(4):451-7.
Pajer K, Bellák T, Nógrádi A. Stem cell secretome for spinal cord repair: is it more than just a random baseline set of factors? Cells 2021;10(11):3214.
Festing MF. Guidelines for the design and statistical analysis of experiments in papers submitted to ATLA. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 2001;29(4):427-46.
Allen AR. Surgery of experimental lesion of spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column: a preliminary report. J Am Med Assoc 1911;57(11):878-80.
Cheriyan T, Ryan DJ, Weinreb JH, et al. Spinal cord injury models: a review. Spinal Cord 2014;52(8):588-95.
Alilain WJ, Horn KP, Hu H, et al. Functional regeneration of respiratory pathways after spinal cord injury. Nature 2011;475(7355):196-200.
De Medinaceli L, Freed WJ, Wyatt RJ. An index of the functional condition of rat sciatic nerve based on measurements made from walking tracks. Experimental Neurology 1982;77(3):634-43.
Nelson CA. A neurobiological perspective on early human deprivation. Child Development Perspectives 2007;1(1):13-8.
Byrnes KR, Fricke ST, Faden AI. Neuropathological differences between rats and mice after spinal cord injury. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2010;32(4):836-46.
Nannepaga JS, Korivi M, Tirumanyam M, et al. Neuroprotective effects of bacopa monniera whole-plant extract against aluminum-induced hippocampus damage in rats: evidence from electron microscopic images. Chin J Physiol 2014;57(5):279-85.
Sampathkumar P, Dheeba B, Vidhyasagar V, et al. Potential antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Bacopa monnieri (Linn.). Int J Pharmacol 2008;4(3):230-2.
Vollala VR, Upadhya S, Nayak S. Enhancement of basolateral amygdaloid neuronal dendritic arborization following Bacopa monniera extract treatment in adult rats. Clinics 2011;66(4):663-71.
Deumens R, Jaken RJ, Marcus MA, et al. The CatWalk gait analysis in assessment of both dynamic and static gait changes after adult rat sciatic nerve resection. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2007;164(1):120-30.
Bain JR, Mackinnon SE, Hunter DA. Functional evaluation of complete sciatic, peroneal, and posterior tibial nerve lesions in the rat. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1989;83(1):129-38.
Hamers FP, Lankhorst AJ, van Laar TJ, et al. Automated quantitative gait analysis during overground locomotion in the rat: its application to spinal cord contusion and transection injuries. J Neurotrauma 2001;18(2):187-201.